Mentor
Daniel Tranel, Neurology
Participation year
2014
Project title

Too much of a good thing? A neuropsychological investigation of reward devaluation

Abstract

Objective: How do you know when you’ve had enough? To study this type of decision making process, we investigated the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in reward devaluation in human subjects by means of satiation. Because the vmPFC is known to be involved in goal-directed behavior and coding stimulus-reward value, we predicted that individuals with damage to the vmPFC will show reduced devaluation for satiated rewards. Unlike non-lesion (NL) participants, we hypothesized vmPFCs would revert to more rigid habit-based behaviors. Method: Participants were both vmPFC (n=6) and NC (n=9) adults. They chose two food rewards (one sweet, one salty) after a food-preference task. Later, they were trained on a task with two instrumental responses linked to two different reward outcomes. After the training phase, they were given the chance to win, but not eat, rewards in a two-minute free-response task. Afterward, the participants were allowed to satiate on a target reward until fullness for five minutes. Finally, participants completed another free-response task to win rewards that they then consumed. Results: Preliminary findings showed that on average, both vmPFC and NL participants consumed similar amount of calories during satiation. After satiation occurs, the devaluation of the satiated food for vmPFC participants was reduced compared to NL's results. Desirability ratings of target/neutral rewards, hunger, and fullness were also measured on pre/post satiation and were similar for both groups. Conclusion: Participants with vmPFC damage exhibited reduced devaluation effects, suggesting that this structure plays a major role in the coding and retrieval of goal values. This might give better insight on understanding how the vmPFC mediates values for goal-directed behavior.

Raul Samrah Miranda
Education
Univ of PR @ Mayaguez